These mitotic chromosomes each consist of a pair of sister. Meiosis is required for genetic variation and continuity of all living organisms. Meiosis ii is the second of two divisions in meiosis, during which sister chromatids are separated lesson objectives after watching this lesson, you should be able to. Meiosis in order for organisms to continue growing andor replace cells that are dead or beyond repair, cells must replicate, or make identical copies of themselves. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells whereas meiosis produces four genetically different daughter cells. Mitosis produces all body cells except the gametes. The first point to understand is where mitosis and meiosis take place. Difference between mitosis and meiosis with comparison. Similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Prometaphase chromosome mts attach to kinetochores fig 12.
Meiosis is the process of deriving haploid cells from diploid cells. The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis university of leicester. Due to the repetition of the stages, meiosis has two cell divisions and mitosis only has one cell division. Mitosis creates two identical cells from one mother cell. Diploid 2n body cells apart from gametes have 2 sets of chromosomes 2n one set from the father and the other set from the mother. Meiosis occurs only at the final division of gamete maturation. There are two cell divisions, the first and the second meiotic divisions. Figure 16 shows the division of chromosomes and chromatids during meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis comparison chart, video and pictures. Due to this difference, meiosis produces four daughter cells that are haploid, and have half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell in a human they would. In mitosis, when the two sets of genetic material separate, each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes.
The difference between mitosis and meiosis is quite apparent. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase are the 4 phases in both meiosis and mitosis. Mitosis takes place within somatic cells cells that make up the body, while meiosis takes place within gamete cells sex cells. There are two main methods of replication, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis has the diploid number of chromosomes and produces two identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes, on the contrary in meiosis four genetically distinct daughter cells with each having 23 chromosomes in the human cells are produced which have the haploid number of chromosomes. Meiosis can be considered as two cell divisions known as meiosis i and meiosis ii, each of which can be considered as having prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase stages as in mitosis. Both require chromosomes to line up in the middle of the cell although in mitotic division, the chromosomes line up single file, whereas in meiosis 1 of meiotic. Mitosis occurs in all eukaryote cells, while meiosis is a special type of mitosis that only occurs in gamete, or sex, cells. Meiosis is the specialized cell division that generates gametes. Table comparing mitosis and meiosis mitosis meiosis number of divisions one two number of cells produced 2 4 tetrad chromosome sets n 1n. The cells grows and biosyntheses essential components for its growth and physiological rolei. They are two very different processes that have two different functions.
Define the meaning of chromosomes state how a kayotype is constucted. Meiosis is a specialised type of cell division, the principal function of which is to produce sporesgametes sperm and eggs in mammals that have the haploid number of chromosomes. A common goal of mitosis and meiosis is to split the nucleus and its dna content between two daughter cells. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences. What are the similarities and differences between mitosis. What are the similarities between mitosis and meiosis. Play the animation for meiosis and pause it at prophase i.
Mitosis can occur in either haploid or diploid cells, whereas meiosis occurs only in cells with the diploid or polyploidy number of chromosomes. This is one of the first major differences between the two. Jan 20, 2015 meiosis is the specialized cell division that generates gametes. This mitosis and meiosis bundle includes everything you need to teach a unit on mitosis, meiosis, and cell division. Which process appears to have more stages than the other. Meiosis shares mechanisms and regulation with mitosis in many aspects, but also has critical differences from mitosis. What is the differences between mitosis and meiosis. By far the largest difference between meiosis i and mitosis is that mitosis results in genetically identical, diploid somatic cells. Mitosis does not normally change the chromosome number of the original cell. The dna of the parent cells is replicated during interphase, before meiosis and mitosis occur. Unique to this updated volume are chapters on analyzing the spindle assembly checkpoint in human cell culture, an analysis of cin, a functional analysis.
Below we highlight the keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division. In this article we will discuss about the similarities and dissimilarities between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is used in growth and asexual reproduction. In humans, the gametes are formed by meiosis, the zygote if formed by fertilisation, and the rest of the growth of the organism is by mitosis. Interphase is the resting phase when cells are not dividing. In contrast to mitosis, molecular mechanisms and regulation of meiosis are much less understood. Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells. Meiosis is a modified mitosis, that carries one round of genome duplication followed by two rounds of karyokinesis physical split of one nucleus into two nucleus. What are the similarities between meiosis and mitosis. Similarities between mitosis and meiosis mitosis and meiosis are two major cell cycles that occur in multicellular organisms. Describe 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis mytutor. Join our community just now to flow with the file meiosis and mitosis and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting.
Mitosis and meiosis part a, volume 144 1st edition. Cytokinesis purpose number of chromosomes in daughter cells comparison of chromosomes to the parent cells. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and then move to separate daughter cells. But meiosis produces four new child cells with two divisions, each of which has half the genetic material of its parent. Mitosis, on the other hand, is focused on the growth and developments of cells.
Pdf mitosis and meiosis almost 90 of the cycle is taken up with interphase during which dna in the nucleus is replicated. This is not the case for meiosis, which reduces the chromosome. Mitosis is the standard way that a nucleus divides, generating a replica of itself. The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis. They do not include time for data analysis, which may be. Mitosis and meiosis both involve duplication of a cells dna content.
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell. Meiosis mitosis meiosis types of cells bodyautosomal or sexgamete number of daughter cells produced type of reproduction sexual or asexual how many times does the cell divide. Mitosis is a form of eukaryotic cell division that produces two. Understanding of mitosis and meiosis in higher secondary. The division of chromosomes in the nucleus s phase. Similarities of mitosis and meiosis education seattle pi. Mitosis and meiosis are nuclear division processes that occur during cell division. Meiosis can be viewed as essentially two mitotic divisions backtoback, without an additional sphase between the two divisions. In mitosis, the cell will begin with 4 chromosomes and 8 chromatids. The main difference between meiosis and mitosis is the type of cells that undergo the process. As such, meiosis produces more gamete cells, and mitosis produces somatic cells. Each strand of dna, or chromosome, is replicated and remains joined, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome. To identify the phases of mitosis to learn what happens in each phase pictures in this presentation are courtesy of wikimedia commons thursday, september 24, 2009 mitosis has four phases, we will go through each phase.
Mitosis vs meiosis venn diagram mitosis same meiosis end product is 2 daughter cells both undergo dna replication end product is 4 daughter cells somatic cells undergo this process create new cells daughter cells germ cells undergo this process creates body cells liver, blood, muscle occur in plants and animals creates sex cells sperm, egg. Cartoon showing the similarities between the meiotic divisions in. Haploid monoploid 1n gametes male sperm or pollen cells, or female egg cells contain one set of chromosomes from one parent. Mitosis and meiosis are the two ways by which cells reproduce. Both types consist of subphases which are almost similar. The phases of meiosis are s phase the dna is replicated, fo rming sister chromatids.
Mitosis vs meiosis venn diagram lancaster high school. Meiosis creates four genetically unique haploid cells from the. Meiosis 1 is a reduction division two cells are formed, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell haploid meiosis 2 is a copying division, involving the two haploid cells. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Meiosis introduction 1st tab middle similar to mitosis ipmatc meiosis involves two distinct divisions, called meiosis i and meiosis ii by the end of meiosis ii, the 1 diploid cell that entered meiosis has become 4 haploid cells the next slide has a labeled picture for you to draw meiosis introduction 1st tab bottom half.
Similarities and dissimilarities between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis only has four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. In meiosis, however, this is followed by two divisions. Mitosis when cells split apart eventually cells need to duplicate. Mitosis and meiosis on sbi3u grade 11 biology exam prep. It duplicates its dna and the two new cells daughter cells have the same pieces and genetic code. Bohrgasse 9, 1030, vienna, austria 3 mrc clinical sciences centre, imperial college, du. Distinguish between diploidy, heteroploidy and polyploidy name the phases of the cell cycle. The total genome content is doubled and then split in four parts. The big idea to remember is that mitosis is the simple duplication of a cell and all of its parts. Play the animation for mitosis and pause it at prophase. This bundled unit contains at least 2 weeks of teaching materials or 3 weeks if you complete all of the enclosed labs on mitosis, meiosis and cell division. In order to do this and maintain the proper number of chromosomes, the cells of eukaryotes must undergo mitosis to divide up their dna.
Unique to this updated volume are chapters on analyzing the spindle assembly checkpoint in human cell culture, an analysis of cin, a functional analysis of the tubulin code in mitosis. Start studying similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Understanding gametes, zygotes, and haploid diploid numbers. To refresh students with mitosis and its stages, they will watch a short video clip titled. The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis learning objective this learning material is about the life cycle of a cell and the series of stages by which genetic materials are duplicated and partitioned to produce two daughter cells with the same genetic component as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. Mitosis takes place all over the body, while meiosis only takes place in the sex organs and produces sex cells. Mitosis and meiosis, part a, volume 144, a new volume in the methods in cell biology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Table comparing mitosis and mei university of washington. According to the cell theory, new cells are created by the division of existing cells. During mitotic cell division, two conserved activator proteins called cdc20.
Meiosis adds another division and a step that mixes the genetic material from the parent cells, but in both cases the cell must duplicate its dna, pull it apart into two sets, place the sets on each end of itself, and then divide down the middle. Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells, each of which are unidentical to the parent cell and to one another. Each daughter cell is haploid contains half the number of normal chromosomes. Mitosis produces diploid cells 46 chromosomes whereas meiosis produces haploid cells 23 chromosomes. Alfred cuschieri university of malta department of anatomy objectives by the end of the session the student shoud be able to. Mitosis produces two cells from one parent using one division event. As a result, they share several steps in their respective processes. Difference between mitosis and meiosis 32 differences. Meiosis, in its entirety, results in gametes of haploid genetic information, but the genetic information is not identical due to crossingover events that happened during meiosis i. Another difference between the two is that during meiosis each diploid nucleus d ivides twice, producing a total of four nuclei, while in mitosis each nucleus divides only once producing on ly two new. The period between mitotic divisions that is, g1, s and g2 is known as interphase. Discover critical differences between mitosis and meiosis, and possible misunderstandings about the two processes, by showing key movie frames of the key stages in each process on your desk.